Gigantic jets are the clearest manifestation of direct electrical coupling between tropospheric thunderstorms and the ionosphere. They are leaders1, 2, 3 that emerge from electrical breakdown near the top of thunderstorms4 and extend all the way to the lower edge of the ionosphere near 90 km altitude5. By contrast, blue jets6 and other related events7, 8 terminate at much lower altitudes. Gigantic jets have been observed from the ground5, 9, 10 and from orbit11. Some seem to be consistent with an upward-propagating negative discharge of 1,000 to 2,000 C km total charge moment change 9, but others have not been connected to distinguishable electromagnetic signatures10. Here we report simultaneous low-light video images and low-frequency magnetic field measurements of a gigantic jet that demonstrate the presence and dynamics of a substantial electric charge transfer between the troposphere and the ionosphere. The signatures presented here confirm the negative polarity of gigantic jets4 and constrain the lightning processes associated with them. The observed total charge transfer from the thunderstorm to the ionosphere is 144 C for the assumed channel length of 75 km, which is comparable to the charge transfer in strong cloud-to-ground lightning strokes.
Archive for the ‘artical’ Category
Quantification of the troposphere-to-ionosphere charge transfer in a gigantic jet
Monday, August 24th, 2009Words of advice
Wednesday, July 22nd, 20091.Time does not water down the wine of friendship;distance does not separate our hands of longing.Wishing you happiness forever.
2.I have three wishes：May our friendship warm our hearts!May joy be always with you and me!May we often meet each other!
3.Thinking of each other is just like a thread connecting both you on the one end and m e on the other end。
4.If I should meet thee，After long years，How should I greet thee?With silence and tears。
5.If life cheats you，don”t be disappointed and worried.Calmness is needed in melancholy days.Believe that pleasantness is coming.Long for the bright future though you are unhappy. All will pass by and everything will be over.Past things will be pleasant memories. —[Russia]Alesander Pushkin
Haste Makes Waste
Monday, July 20th, 2009 
As we all know,the word of”Haste makes waste.” is correct in many cases even today.
we suppose that you are preparing for your final examination. you have no enough time intakes you very worried. So you have to read and write continuously, without rest, without sleep, with out relaxation. The result is that your brain is less and less efficient, your process is slower and slower, The situation goes from bad to worse. All your efforts lead to nothing. On the contrary, if you do your preparations with a calculated plan and carry out the plan step by step, your work will be effective. Consequently, you will take part in the exams confidently with good preparations.
I think we must remember the word“Haste makes waste” .If we under stand it and apply it to our study or work. We will benefit a lot from it.
Snapshots of a chinese fillipino’s living in singapore -part 2
Tuesday, June 16th, 2009As a foreign student,without the help of my parents,the experience I collected there is what I definitely am going to treasure up in my lifetime.in order to “suvive”there,I studied first in the lauguage school,which is the only way to stay as for as possible.i stayed in the first lauguage school for four months.There I felt very lonely,disappointed and I thought the life there was quite boring and meaningless.the most important of all was that I learned an indelible lesson and from then on.i changed my opinion of singapore that used to be nice.